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法相學社第一期課本序言

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发表于 2006-2-27 15:59 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">我佛教言不出境行果三,果成於行,行依於境。境也者,一切事理,所謂萬法也。佛說五蘊十二處十八界,此三科者總賅萬法而無遺。乃眾生之所迷、諸聖之所覺。故佛教言必先乎是,而學佛者亦先乎是也。然蘊界處乃詳略之異,亦局遍之殊,一論一切論也。蘊缺無為法而局於有為法,處界攝無為法於法處法界,故與百法相同。蘊處界乃大小乘之共法,而百法則唯大乘。今《五蘊論》依《百法論》解故又名為大乘。何以故?唯識是大乘義,蘊處界言識不揭阿賴耶,而攝在意處意界中,至大乘談百法則揭阿賴耶,此為識本亦即法本。故《五蘊論》但言萬法未及唯識,而《百法》乃顯唯識。唯識顯而又無我之理乃全彰,不若《蘊論》文但彰人無我,未彰法無我也。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">《百法》既顯唯識,故繼之以《唯識二十論》</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">。初期課本之集,旨在於是。然讀《五蘊論》者不可以無釋,故舉《廣五蘊論》以釋之,又以《廣論》釋文未足,復舉《顯揚論·五蘊章》以足之,且示玄義。至於《百法論》於顯唯識外,但列名數,故復以《顯揚論·五法章》以補之。“五法”言一切事本,為染淨法之所依,五法即“五位法”,後出“三相”,猶言二無我也。文相與《百法論》全同,亦師資之有淵源乎。“五位法”本於《瑜伽大論》,而“真如”有三,百法則約為一,故不名百法也</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">。《瑜伽論》文太廣,後當修學,故不復舉之。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">《唯識二十論》但辨唯識理,所以調節讀者心理而增長其興趣也。所願學者勿抱濫覽之念,切其熟研於心,於此數種外雖有參考書可備查閱,然不可喧賓奪主,置此課本不研而思乞靈於他書,恐正路之足未穩而歧途之易蹈爾。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">讀法之一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">凡讀佛書須備詞典,其有名詞驟不能解者可一翻閱。如《大乘五蘊論》之“大乘”、“薄伽梵”,本論無解,可查辭典,如《佛學辭典》,或《法相辭典</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">》。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">讀《</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">五蘊論</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">》時,以《廣論》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">為對照,此有不解,彼或有解,如此言</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">薄伽梵”,彼則言“佛”,即知薄伽梵者即是佛之同實異名也。亦有此詳彼略,如此舉一二等數以顯五義,彼略不舉。此別別言“云何地界等?”彼則總略一言“此復云何?”又此無“界”字解釋,彼則釋之,以《廣論》為釋論之例也。凡此無彼有者,其文皆釋論,即所以增廣其文,故《廣論》</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">。本論為世親造,《廣論》為安慧造,師弟相承,固宜爾也。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">《顯揚聖教論》為無著菩薩所造。因《瑜伽大論》太廣,故略其要義,誘導學者,自成文體,有頌有論,頌以舉綱,論以張目,極有條理。今《五蘊義章》亦是釋義之文,故可為《五蘊論》之註解。顯七義中義極善巧,又復略舉不全,此可不必急究,容俟讀《顯揚論》時再究。良以《五蘊》二論但陳其事。未說其義,故節錄之,廣讀者對於《五蘊》增加研究興趣。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">讀《百法論》時,先將本論讀熟,再讀《顯揚論·五法章》,本論原但略錄名數,廣釋則在《瑜伽大論》,略釋則即《五法章》,故舉以為釋論也。然則法相雖略錄名數,而於唯識意義則在次第數句及二無我文,此異於《蘊論》者最宜注意。蓋百法皆“依他起性”,“我執”是“徧計執性”,“無我”即是“圓成實性”。《五法章》後又說三相義即“三性”,即二無我而通達唯識義也,應知。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">讀《唯識二十論》,先讀《歐陽序》及《述記科判》,使眉目清楚,然後讀論,怡然理順矣。論文甚辯,都是彼此破救之文,須細心味讀,原有《述記》註釋,如嫌詞晦,可觀王恩洋《</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">二十唯識論疏</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">》。總之讀法相論文,能細心研讀,知其有問有答,先總後別,先略後廣,自然文義清晰,毫無難事。須知初學似格不相入者,以未習慣之故,若讀熟後</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">多聞聞持</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">自然迎刃而解。讀者須有忍耐功夫,故忍波羅蜜中有“諦察法忍”,即指此也。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">讀法之二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">凡讀法相佛典,須用純潔的心,即是掃除一切成見,自己作無知無識的人。然後翻開書來,看一字讀一句,如初識字,初讀書,把它記在心中,一遍一遍的讀到爛熟,然後依文解義。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">佛典句義,因中文句讀或不易清辯,故須看註解,明瞭其義,纔能清晰。如《五蘊論》云:“云何名為無表色等?謂有表業三摩地所生色等無見無對”。若看《廣五蘊論》,便知是有表業所生色,三摩地所生色屬於無見無對的色法也。故此二論,讀時并看,有此略彼詳之益。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">佛典中用字,有性業、因果、能所等,皆對待為用。舉一可以知二,即舉此可以知彼。如云“以……為性”,即有“以……為業”相對,或省略之,此即《五蘊論》與《廣論》之比較也。再如云“所觸”即有“能觸”,能為主動,所為被動。大概心法為主動,亦為被動,色法唯是被動而非主動。然又可作似主動者乃助動,而非真主動。“因果”關係亦猶“能所”,如能生為因,所生為果;能造為因,所造為果。論云“所觸一分”者,所觸對能觸而言,色法為所觸,心法為能觸。云所觸者,別於心法中之觸心所也,然身根雖是色法,亦有助動之用,故又是能觸,觸處為色法,故唯為所觸也。云“一分”者別於四大種之能造色,蓋四大種亦是所觸法,除此外指四大所造色乃是一分,故云“一分”也。此義雖見《雜集論述記》,然《廣論》中云“已說七種造觸及前四大十一種等”,可知論說十一種觸法中,一分為所造觸之七種,一分為能造觸之四種,能細心讀之,亦得瞭解耳。此等論所說色法心法等,應作科學書讀,不可作議論小說讀,蓋所說即人生宇宙之原質,乃現實之根據。不同空泛寓言也。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">蘊處界依小乘經論式,百法依大乘經論式。可見大小乘論之異同,而有以識大小乘之進退。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">世人對於萬法亦有種種名詞,但從世人妄想習氣中流出,故但能為世法之業因,而不能為出世之業因。佛典中所有名詞乃從大覺者淨智法界中流出,故能為出世因,而非墮於世間也。故學者須將名詞句義一一視為新知識而接受之,須用專門名詞,而後可與科學家談論。讀佛經論</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">尤其是法相學</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">依文解義,方可契入,此文乃是佛法而非世文,故不可不依,若不依文,何能如法解義。讀論爛熟,將佛法文義,裝滿胸中,自然作意吐言,皆是佛法,此即聞慧成就,乃學佛之初步資糧,烏可忽諸。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">二千餘年前世尊說法,亦借印度梵語或巴利語而說,我國佛典乃自古德依梵語譯成華言,直接間接無非根據結集三藏,與親聞十二分教,輾轉傳來,匯為巨觀,故宜視為法藏而寶之。讀華文經典如讀梵文貝葉、如聞金口宣揚,法相諸論,雖是菩薩所說,亦是以佛語為宗,且亦從梵貝譯出,淵源有自,不同世書及外道偽造者,鄭重歸依,信受奉行。</SPAN>
发表于 2006-2-27 16:20 | 显示全部楼层

Re:法相學社第一期課本序言

<P>介绍一下,法相学社,范古农老先生创办于上海。介绍唯识教法。和内学院也互通有无,有过师资交流。</P><P>一时汉地唯识界,南欧、北韩、东范、西王、中太虚,齐名。分别是:</P><P>欧阳渐、字竟无,主支那内学院,南京;</P><P>韩清静,主三时学会,北平;</P><P>范古农,主法相学社,上海;</P><P>王恩洋,主东方文教院,四川;</P><P>释太虚,主武昌佛学院,武昌。</P><P>时间稍有先后,但唯识界一时之人杰,不出此五个研究社团。</P>
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