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佛教史上最著名的一只“鸟”——不是凡鸟,身份待定

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发表于 2005-6-27 18:02 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.35pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 华文新魏">佛教史上最著名的一只“鸟”<SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>——不是凡鸟,身份待定</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>《根本说一切有部毗奈耶杂事》卷第四十</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">时阿难陀与诸</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">苾</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">刍在竹林园。有一</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">苾</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">刍而说颂曰:“<SPAN style="COLOR: red">若人寿百岁,不见水白鹤,不如一日生,得见水白鹤</SPAN>。”<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">时阿难陀闻已,告彼</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">苾</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">刍曰:“汝所诵者,大师不作是语。然佛世尊作如是说:‘<SPAN style="COLOR: red">若人寿百岁,不了於生灭,不如一日生,得了於生灭</SPAN>。’ ”<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>“汝今应知,世有二人,常谤圣教:‘不信性多嗔,虽信颠倒解,妄执於经义,如象溺深泥。彼当自损失,由其无智慧,邪解听无益,如毒药应知。是故诸智者,听已能正行,烦惑渐销除,当得离系果。’ ”<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>彼闻教已,便告其师。师曰:“阿难陀老暗,无力能忆持,出言多忘失,未必可依信。汝但依旧如是诵持。”<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">时尊者阿难陀,覆来听察,见依谬说。报言:“子,我已告汝,世尊不作是说。”时彼</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">苾</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">刍悉以师语白尊者知。尊者闻已,作如是念:“今此</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">苾</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">刍,我亲教授,既不用语,知欲如何。假令尊者舍利子、大目乾连、摩诃迦摄波事亦同此。彼诸大德并已涅盘。如来慈善根力,能令法眼住世千年”。乃伤叹曰:“尊宿已过去,新者不齐行,寂虑我一身,犹如壳中鸟。过去亲皆散,知识亦随亡,於诸知识中,无过定中念。所有世间灯,明照除众暗,能破愚痴惑,此等亦皆无。所化者无边,能导者但一,如野孤制底,残林唯一树。”……<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>这是佛教史上一则著名的“公案”。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>阿难尊者教导年轻比丘,“若人寿百岁,不了於生灭,不如一日生,得了於生灭。”不是什么“水白鹤”。那比丘“观师如佛”(佛,当然比阿难“大”!),说阿难老得不行了,言不可信。尊者发觉因缘不契,便辞世而入“无余涅磐”。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">尊者说:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">“汝今应知,世有二人,常谤圣教:‘不信性多嗔,虽信颠倒解,妄执於经义,如象溺深泥。彼当自损失,由其无智慧,邪解听无益,如毒药应知。是故诸智者,听已能正行,烦惑渐销除,当得离系果。’ ”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">这是说,两类人的谤法因缘:一、不信而多嗔,这样的人固然是会毁谤正法的;二、颠倒解义,这也是被目为谤法的因缘的。</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>据《阿育王传》(卷四)此节,谤法因缘为:一、多闻不解义;二、颠倒解义。这就纯对内道而言了。“多闻不解义”,就是说,也可能由“多闻”而兴谤的,这真值得每个学佛者警惕。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>另据《阿育王经》(卷七),谤法因缘作:一、不信而嗔恚(这与《杂事》一致);二、虽信而不如法受持。颂文说:“痴人不聪慧,其为无可用;聪慧不受法,具慧则为毒!”这是说,“学”“而”不“时习(实践)之”,“具慧”也可以是“毒”的。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>再说说那只著名的“鸟”。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">《杂事》说是“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">水白鹤</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">”;《阿育王传》作“水鹄鹳”;《阿育王经》作“水白鹭”。这个,就,复杂了(嘻嘻)……三者“业用”和“密义”都是不同的!</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>白鹤:腰缠十万贯,骑鹤下扬州。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>鹄,就是白天鹅:燕雀焉知鸿鹄之志哉?!</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>白鹭:两只黄鹂鸣翠柳,一行白鹭上青天。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>所以这支鸟“身份不明”<IMG src="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/images/Emotions/18.gif">。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
发表于 2005-9-5 19:14 | 显示全部楼层
万一原本都有差别喃?如果您认为是<STRONG><FONT size=5>研究是浪费时间</FONT></STRONG>,您可以不加入到我们的行列。谢谢。
发表于 2005-6-27 22:07 | 显示全部楼层
是否是谐音造成的谬解???
发表于 2005-6-28 10:31 | 显示全部楼层
<P>《法藏因缘传》卷二言,佛陀大弟子阿难见一比丘诵偈∶「若人生百岁,不见水老鹳,不如生一日,而得睹见之。」阿难指出这不是佛语,佛是说∶「若人生百岁,不解生灭法,不如生一日,而得了解之。」不料比丘之老师知道後说∶「阿难老朽,言多错谬,不可信矣,汝今当如前而诵。」</P><P>呵呵,这只鸟现在四个名字了,多一个新名:水老鹳。</P>
 楼主| 发表于 2005-6-28 12:39 | 显示全部楼层
原先还有个“交集”——白鸟,现在真真只剩下“鸟”了<IMG src="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/images/Emotions/13.gif">
发表于 2005-6-28 12:43 | 显示全部楼层
众说纷纭,莫衷一是。
发表于 2005-6-28 12:58 | 显示全部楼层
<P>阿弥陀佛!</P><P>在这里总能长些小知识<IMG src="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/images/Emotions/4.gif"></P>
发表于 2005-7-1 20:26 | 显示全部楼层
<P><FONT face=宋体 size=3>不是凡鸟</FONT></P><P><FONT face=宋体 size=3>?应该是哦,也就是四个名字:鹤、鹄、鹳、鹭。这些都是在日常生活中可以见到的嘛。比起什么凤凰、迦陵频伽它们太现实了!</FONT></P>
发表于 2005-7-2 13:02 | 显示全部楼层
<P>还有交集的:长颈<IMG src="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/images/Emotions/11.gif"></P><P>呵呵,除了鹄,余三都是涉禽。</P>
发表于 2005-9-1 21:30 | 显示全部楼层
<P>我这边还有一版本<IMG src="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/images/Emotions/49.gif"></P><BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"><P><A href="http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%B2%BB%BC%FB%C9%FA%C3%F0%B7%A8&amp;cl=3">http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%B2%BB%BC%FB%C9%FA%C3%F0%B7%A8&amp;cl=3</A></P></BLOCKQUOTE><P>&nbsp;</P>
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