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本帖最后由 噶瑪敦珠寧波 于 2012-3-11 18:03 编辑
As a result of this decades-long campaign, 'the younger generation today have not devoted their minds to Buddhism,' says Gunid.
Ulan Bator's Museum of Political Repression portrays monks as 'social parasites living off the people'. Exhibits include paintings produced during communist times of monks swallowing human hearts and owning houses - an unthinkable notion among devout Buddhists. Some newspapers and television programs continue to raise doubts about the religion.
'There are those who are suspicious of monks and monasteries because many monks are partially ordained or are not ordained,' Wallace says. 'When you see monasteries being rebuilt, you think, 'Not bad', but many of the monks can't survive if their families can't support them. They have to find a job. Many get married. They still function as monks but they're not really monks.'
Rossabi says biographies from the beginning of the 20th century often refer to a 'virulent opposition to Buddhism and corruption in the Buddhist establishment'. 'That might be in the backs of minds,' he says.
On the other hand, says Rossabi, 'A lot of people I deal with, the intellectual class, are very much interested in Buddhism and in their own way are going back to Buddhism. But I don't think it's related to the formal monastic establishment. That hasn't jumped out.'
Rossabi describes friends who display ritual objects in their homes, read Buddhist writings and are well informed on the subject. He tells of one group of about 50 Mongolian intellectuals who meet to read sutras.
'It doesn't translate into a formal religion though.' Furthermore, he says, 'economic problems have superseded the interest in Buddhism.'
Buddhist religious leaders also speak about the growing attraction of Christianity and Mormonism, both of which are making major inroads in Mongolia.
'Young people worship foreign countries and cultures,' Gunid says. 'We worshipped Russia for 70 years; now we worship America. Young people gave up Buddhism and betrayed their parents.'
He points to his belly and says: 'Their brains are in their stomachs. They're thinking about what to eat today.'
He says Christian missionaries are aggressive. 'They knock at the door and say, 'Please become a Mormon, please come to our church.''
Wallace says that in 2001, there were 182 registered religious organisations in Mongolia, of which 110 were Buddhist, but that latter number has fallen to just 30. Meanwhile, Christian organisations have expanded to some 300 in number. According to Wallace, one popular Christian slogan is: 'We give, Buddhism takes.'
The spiritual attacks do not end there. Adherents of shamanism - which pre-dates Buddhism - have begun to accuse Buddhism of being foreign, saying Mongolia should return to its national religion, which is growing in popularity.
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发表于 2012-3-11 17:52
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