3.Fasting-mimicking diet and markers/risk factors for aging, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease《模拟空腹饮食和衰老、糖尿病、癌症及心血管疾病的标志物及危险因素》(Science Translational Medicine《科学转化医学期刊》2017年2月15日)简介: [Author]: Min Wei Ph.D., Research Assistant Professor of Gerontology, Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. [Abstract]: Calorie restriction or changes in dietary composition can enhance healthy aging, but the inability of most subjects to adhere to chronic and extreme diets, as well as potentially adverse effects, limits their application. We randomized 100 generally healthy participants from the United States into two study arms and tested the effects of a fasting-mimicking diet (FMD)—low in calories, sugars, and protein but high in unsaturated fats—on markers/risk factors associated with aging and age-related diseases. We compared subjects who followed 3 months of an unrestricted diet to subjects who consumed the FMD for 5 consecutive days per month for 3 months. Three FMD cycles reduced body weight, trunk, and total body fat; lowered blood pressure; and decreased insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). No serious adverse effects were reported. After 3 months, control diet subjects were crossed over to the FMD program, resulting in a total of 71 subjects completing three FMD cycles. A post hoc analysis of subjects from both FMD arms showed that body mass index, blood pressure, fasting glucose, IGF-1, triglycerides, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and C-reactive protein were more beneficially affected in participants at risk for disease than in subjects who were not at risk. Thus, cycles of a 5-day FMD are safe, feasible, and effective in reducing markers/risk factors for aging and age-related diseases. Larger studies in patients with diagnosed diseases or selected on the basis of risk factors are warranted to confirm the effect of the FMD on disease prevention and treatment. 【作者】:Min Wei 博士,老年学研究助理教授,美国洛杉矶南加州大学生物科学系老年学科长寿研究所。 【摘要】:热量限制饮食或改变成分的饮食可促进健康的老龄化,但由于无法长期坚持这种慢性极端的饮食方式,以及这些饮食可能的副作用,使得这种饮食方式无法推广。我们挑选了来自全美的100名健康受试者,随机分成两个研究组,测试模拟空腹饮食,即低热量、低糖和低蛋白而高非饱和脂肪饮食对衰老、衰老相关的疾病的标志物或危险因素的影响。 对照组连续3个月采取非限制的饮食方式,实验组采取每个月连续5天模拟空腹饮食,持续3个月。研究发现3个周期的模拟空腹饮食减轻了体重、躯干和身体总体脂肪,降低了血压和胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)。没有发现严重副作用。3个月后,对照组的饮食改为实验组的方案,最终有71名受试者完成了3个周期的模拟空腹试验。 一项实验后的分析结论指出,比起无相关疾病危险因素的人来说,有这些危险因素的人更能从模拟空腹饮食中受益。分析对照组和实验组数据发现,体重指数、血压和空腹血糖,IGF-1,甘油三酯和总的脂蛋白及低密度脂蛋白、C反应蛋白,在有这些疾病危险因素的受试者中有更显著的下降。因此,5天的模拟空腹饮食周期是安全、可行和有效地降低了衰老和年龄相关的疾病的标志物及危险因素。 还需要更大型的研究来进一步确保模拟空腹饮食对有这些疾病的人和具有这些疾病危险因素的人的预防和治疗作用。 4.Metabolic Effects of Intermittent Fasting《间歇性禁食的代谢影响》(Annual Review of Nutrition《营养学综述年刊》)简介: [Author]: Ruth E. Patterson, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, Dorothy D. Sears. [Abstract]: The objective of this review is to provide an overview of intermittent fasting regimens, summarize the evidence on the health benefits of intermittent fasting, and discuss physiological mechanisms by which intermittent fasting might lead to improved health outcomes. A Medline search in PubMed was performed using the terms “intermittent fasting,” “fasting,” “time-restricted feeding,” and “food timing.” Modified fasting regimens appear to promote weight loss and may improve metabolic health. Several lines of evidence also support the hypothesis that eating patterns that reduce or eliminate nighttime eating and prolong nightly fasting intervals could result in sustained improvements in human health. Intermittent fasting regimens are hypothesized to influence metabolic regulation via effects on (a) circadian biology, (b) the gut microbiome, and (c) modifiable lifestyle behaviors such as sleep. If proven to be efficacious, these eating regimens offer promising nonpharmacologic approaches to improving health at the population level with multiple public health benefits. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nutrition Volume 37 is August 21, 2017. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/catalog/pubdates.aspx for revised estimates. 【作者】:Ruth E. Patterson,加州大学圣地亚哥分校穆尔斯癌症中心。 【摘要】:这篇文章的目的总体回顾间歇性禁食,总结间歇性禁食对身体的益处的证据,讨论间歇性禁食带来身体益处的生理机制。 在PubMed Meline主题词搜索中,用了“间歇性禁食” “禁食” “时间限制的进食”和“定时进食”。改良的禁食方式似乎利于减肥,提高代谢健康。一些研究也支持了一个假设——饮食的模式,如减少或者去除晚餐和增加晚上禁食的时间,能够持续提高人体健康。 间歇性禁食对代谢调节影响的假设有以下三个方面:(a)周期性的生物效应,(b)肠道的微生物组,(c)改善生活方式比如睡眠。如果证明是有效的,这些饮食方式提供了有效的非药物性的方法来提高人群水平的健康,有许多公共卫生的益处。 这篇文章预计于2017年8月21日在《营养学综述年刊》上发表,请参考 http://www.annualreviews.org/catalog/pubdates.aspx,看修改进度。
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