唐卡图集(四)

肃火斤

附件151.

Tibet

1800 - 1899

Sakya Lineage

Ground Mineral Pigment on Cotton

Collection of Rubin Museum of Art

Shadbhuja Sita Mahakala, (Tibetan: gon po kar po chag drug pa. English: the White Lord with Six Hands). Emanation of Avalokiteshvara and principal wealth deity of the Shangpa Kagyu Tradition of Tibetan Buddhism.

White in colour, with a pink tinge, with on face, he has three eyes, a gaping mouth with bared fangs, orange hair flaming upward and six hands. In the three right hands are a curved knife, wish-fulfilling jewel and a damaru (drum). In the left hands are a skullcup containing a vase filled with various jewels, a trident and a vajra hook. Adorned with a crown of jewels and gold, precious ornaments and blue silk he stands with the two legs straight atop two elephant-headed figures, spewing jewels, above a sun disc and lotus seat surrounded by the orange and red flames of pristine awareness. Encircled by the 'Five Power-Gathering Dakinis' of various colours, they hold in the right hands a hook and a wishing-jewel in the left. In this composition there appear to be six dakinis rather than the five described in the textual liturgies.

At the top center is a golden Vajradhara holding a jewel to the heart. This form is unique to the practice of Shadbhuja Mahakala. Sakya teachers sit on the right and left. Descending on the left side are White tara, Black Manjushri and then three dakinis belonging to the retinue of Mahakala. Descending on the right are Manjushri, Black Jambhala and then two dakinis as retinue figures for Mahakala. They are followed by Kurukulla, red, with four arms. Another retinue dakini is directly below (in front) of Mahakala.

Along the bottom and starting on the left are Yellow Jambhala, Vaishravana Riding a Lion, Yellow Vasudhara and White Vina Sarasvati.

White Mahakala, a wealth deity of the Kriya class of Tantra, satisfies the economic needs of Tantric Buddhist practitioners. This is a Sakya example of a deity that has become popular within all schools of Tibetan Buddhism. It should be noted however that the Shangpa Kagyu School, founded by Khedrup Khyungpo Naljor (11th century), is unrelated to the more famous School of the same name, Kagyu, founded by Marpa and his principal student Milarepa.

Lineage: Vajradhara, Jnana Dakini, Shri Shavaripa, Lord Maitripa, Mahasiddha Rahulagupta, Khedrup Khyungpo Naljor, Nyamme Rinchen Tsondru, Bonton Kyergangpa (famous terton of the Hayagriva cycle of practice), etc.

肃火斤

附件152.

Vajrabhairava (Tibetan: dor je jig je. English: the Vajra Terrifier). At the top center in a small circle is the primordial buddha Vajradhara. At the left side is the bodhisattva Manjushri and on the right is Lama Tsongkapa.

Tibet

1700 - 1799

Gelug Lineage

Ground Mineral Pigment on Cotton

Collection of Rubin Museum of Art

肃火斤

附件153.

Tibet

1700 - 1799

Sakya Lineage

Ground Mineral Pigment on Cotton

Collection of Rubin Museum of Art

肃火斤

附件154.

Tibet

1400 - 1499

Nyingma and Drigung (Kagyu) Lineages

Ground Mineral Pigment on Cotton

Collection of Rubin Museum of Art

肃火斤

附件155.

Tibet

1800 - 1899

Black Background on Cotton

Collection of Shelley & Donald Rubin

肃火斤

附件156.

Tibet

1800 - 1899

Shiche/Chöd Lineage

Ground Mineral Pigment on Cotton

Collection of Rubin Museum of Art

肃火斤

附件157.

The Three Sisters (Tibetan: yu gu che sum). Wealth deities whose practice was first introduced into Tibet by Bari Lotsawa Rinchen Drag, 11th century.?The Three pishaci sisters are from the Bodhagaya region of Bihar State, India. In later centuries the Nyingma School took up the practice after finding 'terma' texts for the Three Sisters.

At the top left is Tangtong Gyalpo and the deity Vajrakila. Slightly lower and on the right and left it appears to be Jamgon Kongtrul and Khyentse Wangpo. Jeff Watt 8-2001

Eastern Tibet

1800 - 1899

Nyingma and Sakya Lineages

Ground Mineral Pigment on Cotton

Collection of Shelley & Donald Rubin

肃火斤

附件158.

China

1700 - 1799

Gelug Lineage

Ground Mineral Pigment on Cotton

Collection of Rubin Museum of Art

Lobzang Palden Yeshe, the 3rd Panchen Lama (1738-1780).

Surrounding the central figure are the previous Panchen Lama incarnations descending from Amitabha Buddha on the right and left side of the 'torana' throne back.

At the top center is the 7th Dalai Lama with Vajrabhairava, Akshobhyavajra Guhyasamaja Chaturbhuja Lokeshvara and Ushnishavijaya on the left and Mahachakra Vajrapani, Chakrasamvara, Manjushri and Sitatapatra on the right.

Left of the throne is Chaturbhuja Mahakala and on the right Vaishravana Riding a Lion. In front and at either side are Shadbhuja Mahakala, Green Tara and White Tara.

Along the bottom beginning on the left is Baiktse Chen, Yama Dharmaraja, Shri Devi Magzor Gyalmo and Pal Lhamo (Lakshmi).

肃火斤

附件159.

Mongolia

Gelug Lineage

42.55x31.12cm (16.75x12.25in)

Ground Mineral Pigment on Cotton

Collection of Rubin Museum of Art

肃火斤

附件160.

Mongolia

1800 - 1899

Gelug Lineage

Ground Mineral Pigment, Black Background on Cotton

Collection of Rubin Museum of Art

Yama Dharmaraja (Tibetan: shin je cho gyal. English: the Lord of Death, King of the Law): protector of the Vajrabhairava (Yamantaka) cycle of tantras.

With one face and two hands, dark blue in colour, the head is that of a buffalo, three round eyes, sharp horns entwined with flame, fierce and angry. Held upraised in the right hand is a bone stick composed of a fused spine and skull. In the left hand is a coiled lasso. Adorned with a crown of skulls and bone ornaments, he wears a necklace of fifty freshly severed heads. Appearing extremely animate he stands with his right leg bent and the left extended on the back of a buffalo above a human body and lotus seat. To the right is the consort Chamundi, blue, with one face and two hands. A trident is held aloft in the right hand and a skullcup in the left. Both are adorned with wrathful attire, bone ornaments and various skins, completely surrounded by the swirling orange flames of pristine awareness. Sixteen fearsome attendant deities surround the central couple. At the bottom center is the inner meditational form of Yama Dharmaraja depicted with one face and two hands in a wrathful aspect. Four attendant deities in four different colours surround the inner form.

At the top center is the teacher Tsongkapa and his two principal disciples.

Yama Dharmaraja (also known as Kalarupa) is a wisdom deity protector of the father class of Anuttarayoga Tantra specifically employed by those engaged in the practices of the Vajrabhairava tantras and is found in all the Sarma Schools. The Gelugpa tradition holds Yama Dharmaraja in a special regard as one of the three main Dharma protectors of the School along with the Shadbhuja Mahakala (one face, six hands) and Vaishravana. These three were the special protectors of Lama Tsongkapa. Although similar in appearance and name Yama Dharmaraja is not the same individual as Yama the 'Lord of Death' depicted as the central figure in Buddhist depictions of the hell realms.

Indian Lineage: Vajradhara, Shri Vajrabhairava, Jnana Dakini, Lalitavajra, Vajrasana, Amoghavajra, Jnana Sambhava Bepa, Padmavajra, Dipamkara Shrijnana, (the Nepali) Bharo Chag Dum, (the Tibetan) Ra Lotsawa Dorje Drag, etc.

肃火斤

附件161.

Shakyamuni Buddha in his appearance known as the Teacher King of Complete Realization from the Nyingma Revealed Treasure tradition called the Three Inner Cycles of Peaceful Deities. Seated beneath the buddha are the three bodhisattvas blue Vajrapani, white Avalokiteshvara and yellow Manjushri.

Tibet

1800 - 1899

Nyingma and Buddhist Lineages

Ground Mineral Pigment on Cotton

Collection of Rubin Museum of Art

肃火斤

附件162.

Vajrasattva (Tibetan: dor je sem pa. English: the Vajra Hero of Enlightenment): peaceful in appearance, white in colour, with one face and two hands holding a vajra to the heart and a bell at the hip.

Tibet

1800 - 1899

Uncertain Lineage

Ground Mineral Pigment on Cotton

Collection of Shechen Archives - photographs

肃火斤

附件163.

Eastern Tibet

1800 - 1899

Gelug Lineage

Ground Mineral Pigment on Cotton

Karma Gardri Painting School

Collection of Shechen Archives - photographs

Manjushri, Sita (Tibetan: jam pal kar po. English: the White One of Glorious Melodious Speech): the bodhisattva of wisdom, from the Siddhaikavira Tantra in the tradition of Mati Panchen.

"...Holy Manjushri with a body white like the colour of a heap of moon jewels, one face and two hands, the right in supreme generosity and the left holding the stem of an utpala with the thumb and forefinger, fully blossoming above the ear, supporting the 100,000 verse Perfection of Wisdom book. Seated with the feet in vajra posture. The hair is bound in five tufts. Wearing white silk upper garments and various silks below. A youth of twice eight years, complete with the thirty-two signs of a great being and the eighty excellent marks..." (Lobzang Palden Tanpa'i Nyima, the 4th Panchen Lama, 1782-1853. Excerpt from the Rinjung Gyatsa, Part I, folio 829).

Beautiful, youthful and calm of expression, white of colour, he has one face and two hands. The hair is piled on the crown of the head with some falling loose across the shoulders. The right hand extended forward rests atop the knee performing the mudra (gesture) of supreme generosity with the palm open and fingers extended. At the heart, delicately held between the fingers of the left hand, a green lotus stem rises above the left shoulder supporting a white blossom topped with the Prajnaparamita sutra. A gold and jewel crown, red and yellow hair ribbons, large looped earrings, a choker, short and long necklaces, bracelets and anklets beautifully adorn the body. Draped across the upper arms and lower torso is a blue silk garment with an orange inner liner. The lower body is covered with a short orange skirt lined with yellow. The legs are folded in vajra posture, right over left, above a moon disc and pink flower blossom seat rising from a blue lotus pond. He sits surrounded by a circle of pastel pink accented with radiant green. A bright red aureola surrounds the head; further encircled by a large rainbow sphere and pink blossoms.

A small image of red Vajravarahi stands above in a dancing posture, surrounded by orange wisdom flames. Lama Tsongkhgapa sits above accompanied by the two principal disciples Khedrup and Gyaltsab.

At the top center is the primordial buddha Vajradhara, blue in colour with the hands folded at the heart. An Indian adept (Sanskrit: mahasiddha) sits at the right and left.

At the bottom center is the enlightened protector Shadbhuja Mahakala with Shri Devi Magzor Gyalmo on the left and Yama Dharmaraja on the right.

The Siddhaikavira (Solitary Hero) Tantra was first translated into Tibetan in the 11th century at the time of Lord Atisha and is classified as a Kriya Tantra. It describes numerous forms of Manjushri along with a host of other deities both peaceful and wrathful: Sarasvati, Jambhala, Vasudhara, Achala, etc.

Lineage: Lord Manjushri, Acharya Jetari, Maha Pandita Mati, Kashmiri Pandita Shakyashri, Bodhishri, Devashri, Sanggye Zhonnu, Sonam Sherab, Khenchen Sherab Gonpo, Sharchen Yeshe Gyaltsen (Ludingpa), Ngorchen Kunga Zangpo (1382-1456), etc.

肃火斤

附件164.

Eastern Tibet

1800 - 1899

Nyingma and Karma (Kagyu) Lineages

Ground Mineral Pigment on Cotton

Karma Gardri Painting School

Collection of Shechen Archives - photographs

Hayagriva, Heruka (Tibetan: tam drin, drag tung. English: the Horse-necked One, Blood-drinker): from the Lama Gongdu Cycle of Revealed Treasure (Tibetan: ter ma) teachings of the Nyingma tradition.

肃火斤

附件165.

Mamo Botong (Sanskrit: Matarah): the 6th deity in the set of Eight Pronouncement Herukas of the Nyingma Tradition. This system is associated with the Indian Adept Danasamskrita.

Tibet

1900 - 1959

Nyingma Lineage

Ground Mineral Pigment on Cotton

Collection of Shechen Archives - photographs