百万人送葬

释观清

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>百万人送葬</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>前些日子和某道友（比丘）在一起，聊到玄奘大师，不胜景仰云云。此师忽然提起，“玄奘法师落葬时有百余万人送葬”。小僧一楞，当时就以为这么庞大的数字是不太可能的。于是马上查出处。原来是出自《大唐大慈恩寺三藏法师传》：</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">“以<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="14" Month="4" Year="2005">四月十四日</st1:chsdate>将葬</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">滻</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">之东。都内僧尼及诸士庶共造殡送之仪，素盖白幢，泥洹帐舆，金棺银椁，娑罗树等五百余事，布之街衢，连云接汉，悲笳凄挽响匝穹宇，而京邑及诸州五百里内，送者百余万人。”<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>但是这个数字实在太骇人了。就是现在也难做到把。记得现代京剧《曹操与杨修》中杨修（言兴朋）有一句对白：“大汉天下，五千万人，如今只剩下这七百余万人”。而时当唐初，兴乱刚复，户口当不至于庞大到长安附近能聚齐百余万的“闲杂人等”。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>就略查查手头的资料：</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>《国史大纲》·钱穆</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 17.85pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-left: 1.7gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>马周（贞观时的宰相）上疏谓：“今之户口，不及隋十一”</FONT><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftn1" name=_ftnref1><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">[1]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT size=3>。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 17.85pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-left: 1.7gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>永徽元年（公元<SPAN lang=EN-US>650</SPAN>年），户部奏：“今现有户三百八十万”<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>《新唐书·食货志》卷五十七：</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 17.85pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-left: 1.7gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>“贞观初，户不及三百万”<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 17.85pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-left: 1.7gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>“高宗……即位之岁，增户十五万。”<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>《通典·食货》：</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 17.85pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-left: 1.7gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>“大唐贞观户不满三百万。”<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 17.85pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-left: 1.7gd"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">永徽三年，户部尚书高履行奏：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">去年进户一十五万。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">高宗以天下进户既多，谓无忌曰：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">比来国家无事，户口稍多，三二十年，足堪殷实。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">因问隋有几户，今有几户。履行奏：隋大业中户八百七十万，今户三百八十万。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 17.85pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-left: 1.7gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>“国家贞观中有户三百万，至天宝末百三十馀年，才如隋氏之数（一千三百万户）。”<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 17.85pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-left: 1.7gd"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">玄奘法师于麟德元年（公元</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>664</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">年）<st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="True" Day="14" Month="3" Year="2005">二月初五</st1:chsdate>去世，当时全国也就四、五百万户，大致两千万人上下，而倾“百余万”人去送葬，从很多方面来说都应该是不太可能的。</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>于是建议把“百余万人”读为“百千万人”（记得《提婆传》也有这“百余万人”的字样，我也是读作“百千万人”的）。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">又，这几天翻捡《旧唐书》，《旧唐书》卷二百一《列传第一百四十一·方伎·玄奘》有言：</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">“玄奘……（显庆）六年卒，时年五十六，归葬于白鹿原，士女送葬者数万人。”<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>这里的“数万人”的说法应该比较接近些。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>不过，此《书》却又弄错了去世的时日和年龄。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71" align=right><st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="1" Month="6" Year="2005"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>二〇〇五年六月一日</FONT></SPAN></st1:chsdate></P>&lt;DIV style="mso-element: footnote-list"><BR clear=all><FONT size=3><HR align=left width="33%" SIZE=1></FONT>&lt;DIV id=ftn1 style="mso-element: footnote"><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftnref1" name=_ftn1><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[1]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">《新唐书·马周传》：“今百姓承丧乱之后，比于隋时才十分（之）一。”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">《旧唐书》有“之”字。按：隋大业二年，户</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>907</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>536</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">；口</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>46</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>019</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>956</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">人。</SPAN></P>&lt;/DIV>&lt;/DIV>

黄树叶

哈哈，终于见到知音了！一看言兴朋的名字，偶眼前一亮，多少年了，在坛子上难得遇一知音，没想到清法师也是ＦＡＮＳ，ＦＡＮＳ见ＦＡＮＳ两眼泪汪汪．我说干吗看清法师的文笔，总觉得很亲切，原来是受国粹熏陶的结果啊．

天青琉璃

言兴朋不学好。弄得老言家绝后。不过据说已经回国了？

黄树叶

乐晕偶了，还有ＦＡＮＳ啊，偶终于不再孤独了！以后再聊的时候可有的话题了．但偶还是把老生排第二，旦角是偶最爱，没办法偶最爱美人．有程派ＦＡＮＳ么？哈哈，法友难寻，知音不可能比法友还难找吧？！

圣护

不会吧。树叶原来也是扇子啊。<br><br>呵呵，可以开个戏迷会了。<br><br><br>

云水堂主

由玄奘法师转到言兴朋（何许人也？）思维是不是太跳跃了？

芸香小吏

<BLOCKQUOTE><STRONG>引用</STRONG>：<HR>原文由 <B>黄树叶</B> 发表于 <I>2005-6-20 12:10:49</I> :<BR>乐晕偶了，还有ＦＡＮＳ啊，偶终于不再孤独了！以后再聊的时候可有的话题了．但偶还是把老生排第二，旦角是偶最爱，没办法偶最爱美人．有程派ＦＡＮＳ么？哈哈，法友难寻，知音不可能比法友还难找吧？！ <HR></BLOCKQUOTE><P>&nbsp;</P><P>不会吧?!这坛子上怎么什么人都有,连戏迷也有?!</P><P>哈哈,还真有程派的粉丝,我是一个超级铁杆"程迷",老生中最爱的也是"言派",哇噻,知音难觅,有时间多联系啊!<IMG src="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/images/Emotions/12.gif"></P>

圣护

果然是物以类聚，人以群分。<br><br>楼上几位如果不喜欢李世济的话，倒是可以聊聊。否则还是不聊了。免得伤了和气。哈哈<br>

芸香小吏

<P>即然李世济不能聊,那就聊聊张火丁吧!<IMG src="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/images/Emotions/66.gif"></P><P>这里不仅有戏迷,而且还是如此专业的戏迷,真是出人意料啊!这坛子,真没白来!</P>

喜饶嘉措

搞不懂你们在说什么啊？

天青琉璃

<P>呵呵，楼上明明在说邙山事，楼下忽而就梨园人了，哈哈哈。怕观清法师也不禁莞而吧<IMG src="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/images/Emotions/66.gif"></P>

云水堂主

<P>注意！这里是佛学论坛，不是戏迷会！！！</P>

菩提心马甲

我是声闻教真理会的会员,感觉和法师心有戚戚焉

云水堂主

<TABLE height="100%" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%" border=0><TBODY><TR vAlign=top><TD colSpan=4><HR width="100%" color=#777777 SIZE=1></TD></TR><TR vAlign=top><TD style="WORD-BREAK: break-all" colSpan=4 height="100%"><SPAN id=yu7288>我是声闻教真理会的会员,</SPAN></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><TABLE height="100%" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%" border=0><TBODY><TR vAlign=top><TD colSpan=4><HR width="100%" color=#777777 SIZE=1></TD></TR><TR vAlign=top><TD style="WORD-BREAK: break-all" colSpan=4 height="100%"><SPAN id=yu7288>我是声闻教真理会的会员,</SPAN></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>？？？