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Margaret Goldberg 的 Entity and Antinomy in Tibetan Bsdus Grwa Logic (Part I) (Journal of India Philosophy 13(1985) 的第175页有这样一段话:
Some dGe lugs pa scholars assert that a single entity exists if its name refers to a true situation and it has instances, but the instances themselves do not exist. The example I know of this is the entity "nonexistent". Its name refers to a true situation because some imaginable things do not really exist. It has many instances such as "rabbit's horn", and "self of personality". But anything which meets the defining characteristic necessarily does not exist. Dge bshes bSod nams rin chen took the position that "nonexistent" exists. Other dGe lugs pas, such as the students at the Buddhist School of Dialectics, say that a single entity or a group entity such that an instance of it is possible does not exist unless at least one instance of it exists. As far as I know all dGe lugs pa scholars say that a group entity exists if it is a collection of entities which exist.
有的格鲁派学者断言:如果某单一实体(此文作者用来称呼‘瓶’、‘柱’等简单情况,以和‘瓶和柱二者’这些情形区分的一个术语)的名字指称了一个真实的状况且其有事例,但这些事例本身并不存在,则(此单一实体)是存在的。我所知道的例子是实体“不存在”。其名称指称了一个真实的状况,因为某些能想象出来的东西并不真正存在。它有很多例子,诸如兔角、人我。但任何符合其定义特性的东西必须不存在。格西索南扎巴采取的立场是:“不存在”是存在。其他格鲁派的人,比如佛教辩证法学校(这块不知道如何翻译才准确)的学生说:除非至少其一个事例是存在,否则某个有其事例的单一实体或群体实体并不存在。就我所知,所有的格鲁学者都说:当其是一系列存在的实体的集合时,某群体实体是存在。
这个就是上次讨论 无是不是有 的时候,我提到过的一个参考文献,当时只在中文文献里面找,没有找到。此足以证明格鲁系统内对 无是不是有 这个问题有不同的声音。 |
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