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“三界唯心”·圣言量·瞿波·月称

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发表于 2005-1-14 21:35 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>“三界唯心”·圣言量·瞿波·月称</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>“三界唯心”的圣言量,成立“唯识”显然很有力量。这句的重点,显然在一个“唯”字上。瑜伽行派,当然首先要解“唯”。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>据窥基大师的《大乘法苑义林章》卷一《唯识义林》说,“唯”有三义:</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">梵云“摩咀刺多”,此翻为“唯”,“唯”有三义。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">一、简持义。“简”去遍计所执生、法二我,“持”取依他、圆成识相识性。《成唯识》云:“‘唯’言为遮离识我、法,非不离识心、心所等。”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">二、决定义。故旧《中边颂》云:“此中定有空,于彼亦有此。”谓俗事中定有真理,真理中定有俗事。识表之中此二决定,显无二取。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">三、显胜义。瞿波论师《二十唯识释》云:“此说唯识,但举主胜,理兼心所。如言“王来”,非无臣佐。”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">今此多取“简持”解唯。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>《义林章》说“唯有三义”,但或可依《二十唯识论述记》,再加一义,即:<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">“唯”,独、但义。</B>如是,则瑜伽行派许“唯识”的“唯”字有四义:</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">、简持义;</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">、决定义;</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">、显胜义;</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">、独但义。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>其中,第一义“简持义”为通常所取。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>这里,要谈谈第三义。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>第三义,“显胜义”,出自<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">瞿波论师《二十唯识释》。</B>瞿波论师,据窥基大师《二十唯识论述记》说是“世亲弟子”:</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">“西域注释,数十余家。根本即有世亲弟子瞿波论师,末后乃有护法菩萨。”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>瞿波论师解“唯”为“胜”,如《二十述记》所引:</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">瞿波释云:“此中‘唯’言,为显‘胜’义,不为显‘能’义。以三界中,心最‘胜’故。如经说言:‘道唯护根’,‘戒名沙门’等。由识故,三界生,故名胜。”遂引颂言:“诸法心为先,为胜及为显。若人起净心,说言及作事。乐从三善生,随逐犹如影,诸法心为先,为胜及为显。若人起染心,说言及作事,苦从三恶生,如轮随牛脚。”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>这里,瞿波论师以“胜”义,是要带出“心所”的。但是,这个“胜”义,在带出“心所”的时候,好像留了个后门……呵呵,继续看,月称论师:</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">《入中论释》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.3pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">如是已说,由破余作者,文义已尽。故彼“唯”字,不破所知。更以异门,明不破外境。颂曰:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.3pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">如觉真理说名佛,如是唯心最主要,</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.3pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">经说世间唯是心,故此破色非经义。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">如于真理觉悟者,略去前句,说名曰佛。如是应知,<SPAN style="COLOR: red">唯心最为主要。遮遣余法亦是主要</SPAN>,故说“三界唯心”。故此仅是遣除色等为主,非说唯有心都无色等,遮其为有也。应许唯如吾释乃是经义……</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>宗大师释云:</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.7"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>如是色心二法中,唯心为主。当知略去后句“为主”之义,经说世间三界唯心。故此唯心,是遮色等为成就世间之主因。若说唯心有自性,都无外色,则非经义……<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.7"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.85pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.7"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">瞿波论师训“唯”做“胜”义,是遮“心所为胜”的:心王、心所,前者为“胜”;月称论师训“唯”字为“主要”,也是“胜”的意思,却进一步说“<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">仅是遣除色等为主</B>”。继而宗大师说:“</SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">若说唯心有自性,都无外色,则非经义……</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">”这就明确了中观宗对“三界唯心”这一“圣言量”的认识了:是省略句,是说“</SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">唯心最主要</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">”</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.85pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.7"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>当然,和瑜伽行派之间的交流远非一个单词的训诂就能解决的,《入中论》中还有更多的讨论呢。其它论典也有提及,但那些就不是这里所要谈的了。</FONT></SPAN></P>
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