纠正一处讹误——《当和尚遇到钻石》

释观清

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>也许是著者、译者或印刷、输入的问题，《当和尚遇到钻石》（网络版）下面这段出现了年代和知识方面的疏漏：</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">金刚经的历史</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">《金刚经》现存版本并非以手抄写，它是印刷史上可考的最古老典籍。大英博物馆所藏的版本，据考证为公元前</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">868</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">年所印，大约是在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">古腾堡版圣经</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">GutenbergBible</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">）出版前</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">600</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">年左右。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">《金刚经》记载</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">2500</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">年前佛陀所作的开示。原先是通过口耳相传，在书写系统发明后，便记载于贝多罗（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">longpalmleaves</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">）叶上。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>清案：</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">现存印刷史上最古老的木刻版确实是《金刚经》，但是出于敦煌，时间为唐代，文字为汉文；所以，不可能是“<SPAN style="COLOR: blue">公元前</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">868</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">年所印</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">”。至于“<SPAN style="COLOR: blue">古腾堡版圣经</SPAN>”，更不可能在公元元年前——耶稣诞生前——即付印。</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">可能是公元</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>868</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">年吧。（或者公元</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>688</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">？）<IMG src="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/images/Emotions/16.gif"></SPAN></FONT></P>

喜饶嘉措

书里解释金刚一词也是我第一次听过的解释，呵呵

释观清

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>接着喜饶的话题。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>喜饶说关于此书对“金刚”的解释第一次听说，而此书里的这一说倒也是有传承的。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>关于“金刚”一词，历来有两种诠释：</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>1、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>罗什法师为代表的：以“金刚”喻般若智慧，（智慧本身，如金刚般能断一切，而不为一切所断）故译本作《金刚般若波罗蜜经》。此译本汉地最流行，故一般都知道“金刚者，智慧也……”；</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>2、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>以玄奘法师为代表的：以“金刚”喻烦恼，而智慧“能断”之——即，智慧是“能断”，所断的烦恼则以“金刚”为喻。故译本作《能断金刚般若波罗蜜经》。此译本流行不如什译，仅于唯识学者中稍见关注，故此说不常见于坊间之金刚经的浅解。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>说到这里，倒发现一处未尽善的译文，可以讨论：</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">在印度的古老语言里，这部经典称为《尊贵能断的金刚大乘般若波罗蜜多经》</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>如上所说，“能断金刚的”和“能断的金刚”，二者含义不同，而作者似乎更倾向于前者。讨巧一些而能二说并存的，不如说“能断金刚……”<IMG src="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/images/Emotions/13.gif"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>