药师琉璃光王佛唐卡

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Medicine Buddha Mandala (Sanskrit: Bhaishajyaguru mandala. Tibetan: sang gye men la kyil kor. English: the Buddha, Guru of Medicine). At the center representing the goddess Prajnaparamita is the sutra (text) by the same name.

When painting tangkas of Medicine Buddha he switches places with Prajnaparamita and occupies one of the eight minor positions surrounding the center. Some paintings actually portray the Goddess herelf rather than using the sutra text.

The form and practice of Medicine Buddha is derived from the Bhaishajyaguru Sutra taught by Lord Shakyamuni. In the Vajrayana Tradition this sutra is classified as a Kriya Tantra. Common to all schools of Tibetan Buddhism Medicine Buddha is particularly important to the medical traditions

Bhutan

1800 - 1899

Buddhist Lineage

59.69x43.18cm (23.50x17in)

Ground Mineral Pigment on Cotton

Collection of Rubin Museum of Art

肃火斤

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Medicine Guru Buddha (Tibetan: sang gye men la. English: the Buddha - Guru of Medicine).

The Guru of Medicine (Sanskrit: Bhaishajyaguru) is also known by the name Vaidurya Prabha Raja, the 'King of Sapphire Light.' Dark blue in colour, with one face and two hands he holds in the right hand a myrobalan fruit (Latin: terminalia chebula. Skt.: haritaki). The left hand is placed in the lap in the mudra (gesture) of meditation supporting a begging bowl with the open palm. Adorned with the orange and yellow patchwork robes of a fully ordained monk, the left arm covered, he appears in the nirmanakaya aspect of a fully enlightened buddha. In vajra posture above a moon disc, he sits on a multi-coloured lotus and ornate lion supported throne with a back rest upheld by two standing horses and columns supporting a decorative headboard. To each side of Medicine Buddha stand the two principal bodhisattva attendants. To the left is the yellow bodhisattva Suryabhaskara and to the right is white Chandrabhaskara.

Directly above the central figure is the buddha of long-life, Amitayus, pink, seated with the hands in meditative equipoise. To the right is the buddha Ashokattamshri, pink, with the two hands in meditative equipoise, flanked by two standing bodhisattvas. To the right of that is Suvarnabhadra Vimala, white, with the hands in the Dharma teaching gesture. Below that is Abhijnaraja, pink, with the right hand in the gesture of generosity and the left in meditative equipoise. Below that is the primordial buddha Vajradhara, blue, holding a vajra and bell crossed at the heart.

To the left of Amitayus is buddha Shakyamuni, seated, flanked by two standing bodhisattvas. On the left side is Suparakirtita Namashri, yellow, with the right hand in the gesture of giving protection and the left in meditative equipoise. Below that is Nirghosharaja, with the right hand in the gesture of generosity and the left in meditation. Below that is Suvarnabhadra Vimala, yellow, with the two hands in the Dharma teaching gesture. Each buddha is flanked by two bodhisattvas. Excluding Shakyamuni and Vajradhara, these six are referred to as the brothers of Vaidurya Prabha - Medicine Buddha, and together they are known as the 'Seven Buddhas of Medicine.'

Along each side of the lion throne are the Four Direction Guardians, to the left are Virudhaka and Dritarashtra and to the right Virupaksha and Vaishravana. Below that are two rows of figures. The upper row contains the ten Gods of the Directions each riding on a different animal mount. At the far right side are two additional figures, yellow and white, mounted on chariots and the lower row of figures comprise the 12 Yaksha Generals.

At the top left corner is the buddha Shakyamuni followed from left to right by the guru lineage descending down to the earliest Tibetan lineage holders. The form and practice of Medicine Buddha is derived from the Bhaishajyaguru Sutra taught by Lord Shakyamuni. In the Vajrayana Tradition this sutra is classified as a Kriya Tantra. Common to all schools of Tibetan Buddhism Medicine Buddha is especially important to the Tibetan medical tradition.

Tibet

1500 - 1599

Buddhist Lineage

39.37x38.74cm (15.50x15.25in)

Ground Mineral Pigment, Fine Gold Line on Cotton

Collection of Shelley & Donald Rubin

肃火斤

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Medicine Buddha Mandala (Sanskrit: Bhaishajyaguru mandala. Tibetan: sang gye men la kyil kor. English: the Buddha, Guru of Medicine). At the center representing the goddess Prajnaparamita is the sutra (text) by the same name.

When painting tangkas of Medicine Buddha he switches places with Prajnaparamita and occupies one of the eight minor positions surrounding the center. Some paintings actually portray the Goddess herself rather than using the sutra text.

The form and practice of Medicine Buddha is derived from the Bhaishajyaguru Sutra taught by Lord Shakyamuni. In the Vajrayana Tradition this sutra is classified as a Kriya Tantra. Common to all schools of Tibetan Buddhism Medicine Buddha is particularly important to the medical traditions.

China

1800 - 1899

Gelug Lineage

66.04x48.26cm (26x19in)

Ground Mineral Pigment, Fine Gold Line on Cotton

Collection of Rubin Museum of Art

肃火斤

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Peaceful, orange of colour, she has one face and four hands. The main pair are held at the heart in the gesture of teaching. The upraised right hand holds a vajra scepter. The left holds a religious text. Seated atop a lion supported throne and surrounded by an elaborate backrest she sits in lotus posture with the right leg crossed over the left. The circle of 8 Medicine Buddhas surround the central figure followed by another circle of 16 bodhisattvas. Worldly deities, arranged in the shape of a square and 4 gate-keepers, surround the central group of figures.

At the top and bottom are rows of lineage teachers extending downward from the Buddha Shakyamuni at the top left. At the sides are the 35 Buddhas of Confession from the sutra of the same name; appearing with varied hand gestures and colours. Above the bottom row of teachers are the 7 Symbols of Royalty.

When tangkas of the Medicine Buddha mandala are painted he switches places with the personified image of Prajnaparamita and occupies one of the eight minor positions surrounding the center. Some paintings actually portray the Sutra text rather than the Goddess.

The form and practice of Medicine Buddha is derived from the Bhaishajyaguru Sutra taught by Lord Shakyamuni. In the Vajrayana Tradition this sutra is classified as a Kriya Tantra. Common to all schools of Tibetan Buddhism Medicine Buddha is particularly important to the medical traditions.

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Agni (Tibetan: me lha. English: God of Fire): retinue deity of the eastern side of the Medicine Buddha Mandala of Fifty-one Deities. This painting belongs to a larger set depicting all fifty-one deities. Several works from this set are known in Western art collections. (See Vatadhara, Holder of the Wind).

Tibet

1400 - 1499

Buddhist Lineage

Ground Mineral Pigment on Cotton

Collection of Rubin Museum of Art

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和云

南无药师琉璃光如来

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