欧阳修和“和尚”

释观清

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 37.6pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; FONT-FAMILY: 华文新魏">欧阳修和“和尚”<SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30.8pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">（一）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>据宋笔记《道山清话》（著者不详）载：</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>“一长老在欧阳公（修）座上，见公家小儿有名僧哥者，戏谓公曰：‘公不重佛，安得此名？’公笑曰：‘人家小儿要易长育，往往以贱名为小名，如狗、羊、犬、马之类是也。’闻者莫不服公之捷对。”<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>另，宋·王闢之《渑水燕谈录》也说：</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>“公（欧阳修）幼子小名和尚。”<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>看来，欧阳修好像对佛家很不屑，依此而给小儿子取了个“贱名”——和尚。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: distribute-all-lines; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3>*****</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>宋代的韩愈、欧阳修、司马光三人都曾是有名的辟佛者，其立意当然是要为孔圣人争点地位</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftn1" name=_ftnref1><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[1]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>。其中欧阳修曾著有《本论》三篇，极力排斥佛、老思想；在受命编修《新唐书》及自撰《新五代史》时，删略有关佛教纪事达千余条</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftn2" name=_ftnref2><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[2]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>（！）。这就不免要被后世的史家</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftn3" name=_ftnref3><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[3]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>及僧侣们所诟病了。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>南宋·志磐著《佛祖统纪》就此事发了言，基本可以代表僧家的看法：</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>“……（唐太宗建寺、斋僧、施僧之事，）事见《旧史》，欧阳《新书》并删去之。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>铠庵曰。君举必书，故曰史。史者，所以记当时失得之迹也。以故恶如弑君必书，丑如蒸母必书，岂以其丑恶而不之记耶？是知修史者，不没其当时善恶之事，斯可为信史也。昔范晔著《汉书·西域传》始论佛法，陈寿志《三国》，则忽而不录；唐太宗修《晋书》，於沙门高行时有所取；魏收於《北史》著《佛老志》；李延寿於《南史》作《顾欢传》，凡帝王公卿毁赞佛老者，莫不悉载。其於二教之偏正优劣，当年今日，未尝不明识所归。欧阳氏之修《唐书》《五代史》也，於佛老之事则删之。夫《唐书》，唐家之正史，非欧阳之私书也，借使不足法，论之可也，岂当以己所不好而悉删之耶？是知无通识者，不足以当修史之任也。夫佛法之取舍，大较系乎人之好恶。韩、欧、司马始不好佛，遇事立言，必有诋诃。及退之问道於大颠，永叔闻法於圆通，君实广文中子之言而作禅颂：“言为百世师，行为天下法，为贤为大圣，是名佛菩萨。”（《禅颂六章》见《司马公文集》）是三贤者，始恶而终好之，惜乎，闻道之晚，而其先出之言莫可收也。吁，佛法之取舍，果在於人之好恶，可不审乎哉！”<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">志磐大师说的是有道理的。“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">君举必书，故曰史</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">”，皇上的一举一动都要记录下来，是非是由后人评说的，虽丑恶事亦必书之，虽贤者亦不为讳，这才能称得上是史官的作为。怎可以单凭一己之好恶为进退，心鲠夷夏之辩而治史乎！故欧阳虽得号为文坛大家</SPAN></FONT><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftn4" name=_ftnref4><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[4]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>，而治史终当远逊于班迁！</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>史学家清·趙翼撰《廿二史劄記》，卷十六《新旧唐书》在评论《新唐书·本纪》中诸穿漏后指出：</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>“《新唐书》书法多可议者。”<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>“……此皆欧公过求简净之失也。”<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>就是说欧阳修遣词用字没讲究，体例杂乱，用辞务简。又说：</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">“《新唐书·本纪》及《五代史》皆欧公重修，然《五代史》系欧公私自撰述，从容订正，故无遗议。《新唐书》则二百八十余年事迹，头绪繁多，不暇检校入细。试平心论之，宋景文于《列传》之功，实费数十年心力，欧公《本纪》则不免草率从事，不能为之讳也。当日进呈时，宋仁宗即有旨‘《旧唐书》不可废’，其早有所见欤？”<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>“至僧元（玄）奘为有唐一代佛教之大宗，此岂得无《传》，旧《书》列于《方伎》，是矣，新《书》以其无他艺术，遂并不立《传》。抑思“方”者，方外也；“伎”者，艺术也，无艺术独不可以方外处之乎？余尝谓《新唐书》一部独缺两僧，一高行之元（玄）奘，一邪幸之怀素，究属史家缺事也。”</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>实际，若论大唐盛世，文化是相当多元化的，此时的佛道二家颇得李唐之助而大兴，而大唐亦得因此而显其恢宏之气象，若径抽去释老而欲衍大唐文史，确实是缺乏史识的一偏之见。就是盛唐的儒宗，若不得佛道之激荡，恐亦未能有当时、后来之规模。欧公若能见此数种评说，自当“永惭偏识”！</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>拿唐太宗来说。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">唐太宗事佛频见诸史籍，而《新唐书》一并缺载，并责其“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">牵于多爱，复立浮图，好大喜功，勤兵于远，此中材庸主之所常为”</SPAN></FONT><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftn5" name=_ftnref5><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[5]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>。责其“复立浮图”而本传却又不立一字，大概就是所谓春秋笔法。可是这样一“春秋”，唐代的文化有一半倒被“砍”掉了，倒十足像极了寒冬的肃杀之气呢。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>欧阳恶佛，自然就不喜欢和尚，对宋初的大僧统赞宁也颇多损毁，甚至编派了些“故事”给人家。欧阳著《归田录》，先就拿赞宁开笔：</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>“太祖幸相国寺。至佛像前烧香，问：当拜与不拜？僧录赞宁奏曰：不拜！问其故。曰：见在佛不拜过去佛。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>赞宁者，颇知书，有口辩。其语虽类俳优，然适会上意，故微笑而颔之。遂以为定制。”<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">“见在佛不拜过去佛”</SPAN> <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">，只一句话便活脱脱勾勒出了一市侩僧（文人的笔实在厉害！）。</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>但事实绝非如此。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>先，赞宁为两浙僧统。太平兴国三年，吴越王钱俶携版图入朝，赞宁同时入京，其任副僧录始于太平兴国六年。而此时当“太宗”世，“太祖”早已“驾崩”了，二人何得相携共游大相国寺呢？。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>又，说起宋朝皇帝“不拜佛”的“定制”，亦属子虚乌有！《佛祖统纪》引《宋会要》说：</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>“（真宗·咸平）八年正月。臣僚言：“每岁上元，车驾诣寺观三十余处，百拜已上。望自今诸殿令近臣分拜。”上谓王旦曰：“朕祈福中外，虔恭拜起，未尝懈怠。卿等欲申裁减，非朕之意。”（国朝《会要》）。”<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>“诣寺观三十余处，百拜已上”，则正应是每寺三拜礼佛，“虔恭拜起，未尝懈怠”，又哪里有什么不拜佛的“定制”？</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>所以志磐接着驳斥欧阳修：</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>“今观真宗百拜已上，不欲分任近臣，盖习熟於祖宗之家法也。其後如徽宗拜佛牙，南渡历朝拜大士，则知有国以来，无不拜佛之理。欧阳慢佛，不欲人主致敬，故特创此说。“见在”、“过去”，无义之谈，所以上诬君主，下诬宁师也。甚矣！”<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>可见有宋一代，无论是在“卧榻”或是“行军床”上，皇上们倒都乐于拜佛的，也都没敢自视为“现在佛”</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftn6" name=_ftnref6><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[6]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>说起来，欧阳修的“上诬君主，下诬宁师”倒是可以作实了的！其实此事出典并不在“太祖”</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftn7" name=_ftnref7><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[7]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>和赞宁身上，却出自辽主耶律德光和冯道的问答。《新五代史·冯道传》</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftn8" name=_ftnref8><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[8]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>：</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>“耶律德光尝问道曰：天下百姓如何救得？<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>道为俳语以对曰：此时佛出救不得，惟皇帝救得。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>人皆以谓契丹不夷灭中国之人者，赖道一言之善也。”</FONT><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftn9" name=_ftnref9><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">[9]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=3><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:PersonName w:st="on" ProductID="欧阳"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">欧阳</SPAN></st1:PersonName><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">先生的记忆大概未必很好，只记得有那么件事情，却忘了查查自己的大作，加上素来不喜欢和尚，就随便“张冠李戴”给了赞宁大师。偏偏后来不喜欢和尚的“大儒”越来越多，一代僧统也就作实了“沾染”“乡愿习气”的“媚世”“名僧”</SPAN></FONT><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftn10" name=_ftnref10><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[10]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>。向来奉“道由人弘，非道弘人”的“秦人”</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftn11" name=_ftnref11><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[11]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>也就因人废言，并不去“览其文、知其道”</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftn12" name=_ftnref12><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[12]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>了。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>“英雄到老皆归佛”。韩、欧、司马也都算得上是“英雄”吧，反正后来都学佛的。要说学得怎么样却也不见得</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftn13" name=_ftnref13><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[13]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>，但确实欧阳修后来给自己取了个“六一居士”的名号，还出了集子</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftn14" name=_ftnref14><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[14]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>。想想，大概也不至于有作贱自己是“六一小狗”或是“六一白马”的意思。此公的小儿子分得一个“和尚”的小名，应该也是喜欢的道理。和别人斗嘴，就成了“贱名”，但恐怕不是原先的初衷，否则他自己叫“居士”，不是比“和尚”都不如了么？！</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: distribute-all-lines; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3>*****</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>我若是那位长老，多半会接上一句：</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>“始知‘六一居士’为公自谑尔！”</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>但多半真的作起“长老”的时候就又不会说了（“宽容”是一种美德）。大概那位长老未必无此急智，只是他的道行深。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71" align=right><st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="5" Year="2005"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>二〇〇五年五月三十日</FONT></SPAN></st1:chsdate></P>

释观清

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30.8pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">（二）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>老实说，“和尚”这名实在不贱。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>《中华佛教百科全书》有云：</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>“和尚（梵<SPAN lang=EN-US>upadhya^ya</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>upadhya^ya</SPAN>，巴<SPAN lang=EN-US>upajjha^ya</SPAN>，藏<SPAN lang=EN-US>mkhyen-po</SPAN>）：<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>原指懿德高僧，后世用于作为弟子对师父的尊称，世俗则用以通指出家的男众。又作和社、乌社、和上、鹄社、鹘社。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>按梵语<SPAN lang=EN-US>upadhya^ya</SPAN>，音译作乌波陀耶、优婆陀诃、郁波第耶夜，意译为亲教师、近诵、依学、依生。乃戒坛三师之一。亦即传授戒法时，除教授、羯磨阿阇梨（轨范师）二师以外之‘亲教师’。此语传至西域，龟兹语称之为<SPAN lang=EN-US>pwajjhaw</SPAN>，其音译近似和尚，遂讹音为和尚。《南海寄归传》卷三云：‘西<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:PersonName w:st="on" ProductID="方泛唤">方泛唤</st1:PersonName>博士皆名乌社，斯非典语。若依梵本经律之文，咸云邬波驮耶，译为亲教师；北方诸国皆唤和社，致令传译习彼讹音。’《慧苑音义》卷中亦云：‘彼土流俗谓和上殟社。于阗、疏勒乃云鹘社，今此方讹音谓之和上。’”<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>欧阳不喜读佛典，当然更不会翻翻《音义》之类的书了。大概他是没想到的，是在管自己的孩子叫“亲教师”呢！以前读书人家的正屋的中央，要供一块牌位，用金字写着必须绝对尊敬和服从的五位：“天地君亲师”</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftn15" name=_ftnref15><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[15]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>。那么，也许欧阳的意思是：“这个老幺其实是俺们家老大！我们绝对尊敬和服从！”呵呵。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>顺便谈谈文人不通佛典的“过患”。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>王维，字摩诘，有人称他为“诗佛”。不过“诗佛”好像没通梵语，给自己弄了个怪名字。其原意当然是自比“维摩诘”居士</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftn16" name=_ftnref16><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[16]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>——说起来，还真有不少高人自比维摩诘的。李白也有诗云：“金粟如来是前生”</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftn17" name=_ftnref17><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[17]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">——不过“维摩诘”好像是“无垢称”“净名”的意思，老王大概正好把自己叫做“王没有”，字“臭名远扬”了。又，<st1:PersonName w:st="on" ProductID="陈寅恪">陈寅恪</st1:PersonName>先生有一说：“维”是降服之意，“摩诘”则为“恶魔”；那么，王维便是名王降服，字叫王恶魔了</SPAN></FONT><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftn18" name=_ftnref18><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[18]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>记得<st1:PersonName w:st="on" ProductID="汤用彤">汤用彤</st1:PersonName>先生有篇文章叫《学佛当读一点〈音义〉》（名字有点记不清了，身边又没书，就不考证了吧），真是有点必要。清儒很重视佛教的《音义》书，拿来作辑佚、校勘，取得不少成就。虽然是小道，也算是有点该读的意思在。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30.8pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">（三）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>欧阳修的《六一诗话》篇幅不大，竟又提到赞宁。云：</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 8.9pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: .85gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">吴僧赞宁，国初为僧录。颇读儒书，博览强记，亦自能撰述，而辞辩纵横，人莫能屈。时有安鸿渐者，文词隽敏，尤好嘲咏。尝街行遇赞宁与数僧相随，鸿渐指而嘲曰：“郑都官不爱之徒，时时作队。”赞宁应声答曰：“秦始皇未坑之辈，往往成群。”时皆善其捷对。鸿渐所道，乃郑谷诗云“爱僧不爱紫衣僧”也。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">这事也是未必确实的。盖赞宁后梁·贞明五年（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>919</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">）生，太平兴国三年（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>978</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">）赐紫衣，咸平元年（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>998</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">）任右街僧录，次年迁左街僧录，已经是八十岁的老僧了。</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>《六一诗话》还有一段提到僧人的：</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 8.9pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: .85gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">国朝浮图以诗名于世者九人，故时有集号《九僧诗》，今不复传矣。余少时闻人多称。其一曰惠崇，余八人者忘其名字也。余亦略记其诗，有云：“马放降来地，雕盘战后云。”又云：“春生桂岭外，人在海门西。”其佳句多类此。其集已亡，今人多不知有所谓九僧者矣，是可叹也！当时有进士许洞者，善为辞章，俊逸之士也。因会诸诗僧分题，出一纸约曰：“不得犯此一字。”其字乃山、水、风、云、竹、石、花、草、雪、霜、星、月、禽、鸟之类，于是诸僧皆阁笔。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>也是暗带讽刺之意。意思是诗僧们只会吟吟山水草石，题材极狭。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>有人说欧阳晚年受某某和尚影响颇服膺于佛门。我看未必！</FONT></SPAN></P>&lt;DIV style="mso-element: footnote-list"><BR clear=all><FONT size=3><HR align=left width="33%" SIZE=1></FONT>&lt;DIV id=ftn1 style="mso-element: footnote"><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftnref1" name=_ftn1><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[1]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">不过也确实，孔先生在那时几乎已经没人在乎了。就连这三位大儒，似乎也不太懂得如何尊孔的。比如就拿“避讳”来说，避讳是古时的“传统”，而这几位却丝毫不避孔老先生名讳。韩愈有诗云：“乘槎追圣丘”，欧阳诗云：“仁义丘与轲”。又：“丘门安敢辄论诗”。志磐大师说：“二儒排佛老尊孔孟常切然，而反侮圣人之名。韩欧尚不知礼，余不足责也。”可谓骂得有理。</SPAN></P>&lt;/DIV>&lt;DIV id=ftn2 style="mso-element: footnote"><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftnref2" name=_ftn2><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[2]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">事见《佛祖统纪》卷第四十五：“尝取二本（新、旧《唐书》）对校，去之者千余条。”</SPAN></P><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">《佛学大辞典》说“删除有关佛教纪事二百余则”，这恐怕还不够。《旧唐书·方伎传》有“玄奘、神秀、慧能、普寂、义福、一行、泓师”等正传、附录，被《新唐书》删得一个都不留！</SPAN></P><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">前些日子为一个问题查唐史，索于《新唐书》而不得，转而求之于《旧唐书》，却有记载。看来《二十四史》之保留《旧唐书》是有道理的。或者也可能是，《新唐书》的这个缺陷太明显，《旧唐书》才得以保存至今。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>&lt;/DIV>&lt;DIV id=ftn3 style="mso-element: footnote"><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftnref3" name=_ftn3><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[3]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">史家清·趙翼撰《廿二史劄記》就提出了批评。今人陈寅恪先生亦以为欧阳辟佛太过，持论失当。</SPAN></P>&lt;/DIV>&lt;DIV id=ftn4 style="mso-element: footnote"><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftnref4" name=_ftn4><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[4]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">也不过是茅坤胡乱拼凑的“唐宋八大家”被大家捡去罢了。</SPAN></P>&lt;/DIV>&lt;DIV id=ftn5 style="mso-element: footnote"><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftnref5" name=_ftn5><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[5]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">以太宗为“中才庸主”，正不知何者可称“高才贤君”。书生指示，每空泛无当，后人以欧阳氏治史为不得法，良有以也。陈寅恪《新唐书札记》在此条下注道：“”。章太炎也说：“欧阳修、曾巩好为大言，汗漫无以应敌，斯持论最短者矣。”这个评价系在这里也刚刚合适。</SPAN></P>&lt;/DIV>&lt;DIV id=ftn6 style="mso-element: footnote"><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftnref6" name=_ftn6><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[6]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">倒是有自认是啥啥“真君”的。</SPAN></P>&lt;/DIV>&lt;DIV id=ftn7 style="mso-element: footnote"><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftnref7" name=_ftn7><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[7]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">陈垣改“太祖”为“太宗”，虽有见其年代之误，而未则其“定制”之实。</SPAN></P>&lt;/DIV>&lt;DIV id=ftn8 style="mso-element: footnote"><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftnref8" name=_ftn8><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[8]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">语见《新五代史》卷第五十四，《杂传》第四十二。</SPAN></P>&lt;/DIV>&lt;DIV id=ftn9 style="mso-element: footnote"><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftnref9" name=_ftn9><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[9]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">亦见《旧五代史》卷一百二十六《周书十七·列传六》：“契丹入汴，道自襄、邓召入，契丹主从容问曰：天下百姓，如何可救？道曰：此时百姓，佛再出救不得，惟皇帝救得。其后衣冠不至伤夷，皆道与赵延寿阴护之所至也。”</SPAN></P><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">又，《旧五代史》记此事较从容，而欧阳氏之《新五代史》加上的“俳语”二字考评却甚刻薄。《归田录》那段文中也有“俳优”之语。大概宋朝的士大夫不像明清的“精英们”那样喜欢看戏（？！）。</SPAN></P>&lt;/DIV>&lt;DIV id=ftn10 style="mso-element: footnote"><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftnref10" name=_ftn10><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[10]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">陈垣语。见《中国佛教史籍概论》。</SPAN></P>&lt;/DIV>&lt;DIV id=ftn11 style="mso-element: footnote"><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftnref11" name=_ftn11><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[11]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">鸠摩罗什有语“秦人好简”。见僧叡《大智度论·序》。秦人，大致也就是“中国人”的意思。</SPAN></P>&lt;/DIV>&lt;DIV id=ftn12 style="mso-element: footnote"><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftnref12" name=_ftn12><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[12]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">王禹偁《小蓄集》二十《通慧大师文集序》语。通慧大师，即赞宁。转引自陈垣上书。</SPAN></P>&lt;/DIV>&lt;DIV id=ftn13 style="mso-element: footnote"><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftnref13" name=_ftn13><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[13]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">只表明他们的“辟佛”思想并不像蒸馏水那么纯净。实在来说，压根就是外行，不独对佛法如此，即便是“孔圣”的教言，也一样的稀里糊涂，囫囵吞枣！</SPAN></P>&lt;/DIV>&lt;DIV id=ftn14 style="mso-element: footnote"><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftnref14" name=_ftn14><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[14]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">此外还有本《六一诗话》。</SPAN></P>&lt;/DIV>&lt;DIV id=ftn15 style="mso-element: footnote"><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftnref15" name=_ftn15><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[15]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">《鲁迅全集·且介亭杂文附集·我的第一个师傅》：“我家的正屋的中央，供着一块牌位，用金字写着必须绝对尊敬和服从的五位：天地君亲师。”</SPAN></P>&lt;/DIV>&lt;DIV id=ftn16 style="mso-element: footnote"><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftnref16" name=_ftn16><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[16]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">《唐国史补》卷上：“王维好释氏，故字摩诘。”</SPAN></P>&lt;/DIV>&lt;DIV id=ftn17 style="mso-element: footnote"><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftnref17" name=_ftn17><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[17]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> <A href="ebook:qts_0178.htmauthers/qzz_0431.htm"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: windowtext; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; text-underline: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US>李白</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">《答湖州迦叶司马问白是何人》：“青莲居士谪仙人，酒肆藏名三十春。湖州司马何须问，金粟如来是后身。”金粟如来，吉藏大师注《维摩诘经》曾说维摩诘居士是过去金粟如来示现。</SPAN></P>&lt;/DIV>&lt;DIV id=ftn18 style="mso-element: footnote"><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/newtopic.asp?forumid=10#_ftnref18" name=_ftn18><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[18]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">语见《中国学术思想史随笔》（修订本）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>178</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">页。</SPAN></P>&lt;/DIV>&lt;/DIV>

云水堂主

<P>哎，中国之文人，实乃“瘟人”。闲日无事就作些辟佛之文，以标榜乃X门之弟子。余在校读书时尤不喜韩某，非但妄论（“人其人，火其庐”）且读其文章后唯有狗屁文章之感。</P><P>再则，居士一词，有隐士之意（辞海有言），非佛家独有，故言XX居士未必是优婆塞，不过是清客耳。</P><P>&nbsp;</P>

天青琉璃

<P>清客？这话够刻薄，呵呵<IMG src="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/images/Emotions/66.gif"></P>

菩提心马甲

当时的时代背景,建寺院这些,佛像啊,佛教文化工艺品啊,确实劳民伤财,统治者又都迷信,信佛要不为了控制人民思想,加强中央独裁,就是为了什么造佛像啊,盖庙呀,举行法会呀,这些,哪个为国为民的文化人看了舒服啊,认为是劳民伤财没有意义的事情呀,知识分子的普遍想法,治国之道是靠发展农业,工业,手工业,民族产业,治理社稷的这些方法,就是现在也是认为的呀,靠宗教行吗?

天青琉璃

<BLOCKQUOTE><STRONG>引用</STRONG>：<HR>原文由 <B>菩提心马甲</B> 发表于 <I>2005-6-21 20:56:33</I> :<BR>当时的时代背景,建寺院这些,佛像啊,佛教文化工艺品啊,确实劳民伤财,统治者又都迷信,信佛要不为了控制人民思想,加强中央独裁,就是为了什么造佛像啊,盖庙呀,举行法会呀,这些,哪个为国为民的文化人看了舒服啊,认为是劳民伤财没有意义的事情呀,知识分子的普遍想法,治国之道是靠发展农业,工业,手工业,民族产业,治理社稷的这些方法,就是现在也是认为的呀,靠宗教行吗? <HR></BLOCKQUOTE><P>呵呵，无华，基本上你上边这些话，不学佛的高二的理科学生也可以说得出来。呵呵，既然我们是学佛的，就要在某些问题上有经过自己思考的东西。如果你说，上边这些话就是你自己思考后的结果，那我只剩祝福你了～～！</P><P>从西园论坛开始，直到现在，无华，你对佛教的了解，除了知识的增加，自己的内心有没有跟着改变？</P>

菩提心马甲

<P>呵呵如果上边的话对号入坐,那我也只有祝福您了,戒禁取啊,杂阿含对这些问题一针见血啊,您还是看看吧,宗教狂热不可取</P><P>只要按照南传的方法修学没一个人内心不随之改变的,起码迷信和形而上开始离我远去</P><P>呵呵八正道首先正见,外道就算最低级的欲界气功只要练了,内心也会慢慢变的柔软.......</P><P>佛陀时代我上文所说的哪一点佛陀赞成的呵呵,看看杂阿含吧,别在说什么阿含时,不究竟了,所以祝福天青了呵呵</P>

菩提心马甲

<P>我想知道按照大乘修行方法,如何一步步成就解脱的?</P><P>最后是止观吗?那么如何一步步修止修观的,每个境界什么成果?怎么解脱有谱吗?</P>

天青琉璃

<BLOCKQUOTE><STRONG>引用</STRONG>：<HR>原文由 <B>菩提心马甲</B> 发表于 <I>2005-6-22 15:25:57</I> :<BR><P>呵呵如果上边的话对号入坐,那我也只有祝福您了,戒禁取啊,杂阿含对这些问题一针见血啊,您还是看看吧,宗教狂热不可取</P><P>只要按照南传的方法修学没一个人内心不随之改变的,起码迷信和形而上开始离我远去</P><P>呵呵八正道首先正见,外道就算最低级的欲界气功只要练了,内心也会慢慢变的柔软.......</P><P>佛陀时代我上文所说的哪一点佛陀赞成的呵呵,看看杂阿含吧,别在说什么阿含时,不究竟了,所以祝福天青了呵呵</P><HR></BLOCKQUOTE><P>呵呵，果然还是一张铁口啊～～～人有百难，你有百辩……<IMG src="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/images/Emotions/1.gif"></P><P>不知道“我总没错”算是什么见</P><P>至于说“气功”啊、“佛陀时代”啥的，呵呵，算了，慢慢成长吧</P><P>谢谢你的祝福啊～真的</P><P>对了，至于什么是“戒禁取”，还可以再学学。</P><P>还有最后一句：没有自学可以成佛者，也没有靠读书上网可以成就阿罗汉者。呵呵，至于缘觉，你努力吧……<IMG src="images/Emotions/30.gif"></P>

菩提心马甲

<P>呵呵佛陀自学成佛,佛都是靠自学的,声闻弟子才靠的传承</P><P>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------</P><P>佛陀本人就是无师自证的。他鼓励大家自证，是依照正确的方法，而不是依靠对佛陀的崇拜。依法不依人。佛陀曾预言：只要八正道还在流传，世间就不会缺少证果者。又说大家要自皈依，皈依于法。也就是四念住的系统修证方法。在这里一个好的师傅和传承当然是重要的，但是，传承只是具有正确传递方法的作用，而没有其他崇拜的含义。不知道天青师兄说的传承是学习系统，还是不能质疑的崇拜系统，如果是前者，那么，原始佛教也是提倡的。如果是后者，那就是原始佛教所反对的。至于说有没有自学成材的，我想可依自己判断。</P><P>很多人都是听了佛陀讲的苦谛（缘起法）之后证果的，证果之后，他们才进行了皈依和自愿受戒。甚至有人只是从第三者那里听到了一些有关缘起法的话就证悟了。这种情况在阿含里面例子太多了，把阿含读一下，会了解到很多与后期的误解不同的情况。</P><P>还是建议师兄把自学成佛改成自学成阿罗汉吧,以上的说法可以参考自学会怎么样,当然师兄会说后人比不上佛陀时代福报大,我很狂妄,这点我是就事论事您不要生气不是抬杠,就我本人来说,我认为本人靠自学不可能解脱的,需要去南传参加最起码的内观禅修班,找师父这些,最好能出家,哪怕佛陀时代居士有佛陀当导师成就的也屈指可数呀,要么三果就出家,要么四果就无余涅盘了</P><P>&nbsp;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</P><P>戒禁取在南传被认为是只要不符合八正道的修行内容,而自己修习并认为可以导致解脱的,误认为是道谛的内容,这些都算是戒禁取的范围,不单单是俱舍论说的那样只是牛戒马戒</P><P>以上只是讨论知识分子唯物论的等等对后期佛教的态度,呵呵师兄有些跑题,涉及人身境界这点也不是因明学所教导的吧</P><P>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------</P><P>我说话有些多,而且很多话比较激烈,对于佛教内部的宗派团结确实不利,而且在格鲁派的论坛,对大乘教法提出质疑,是很不礼貌的,实在对不起,我不会再继续话题了</P>

菩提心马甲

对了南传还认为错误的知见,包含对阿罗汉的误解啊,对三法印的误解,也就是说不是正见的东西以为是佛法的内容,带着这些错误的理论修行,这些都算戒禁取的范围

天青琉璃

<P>第一，我代表不了北传</P><P>第二，你代表不了南传</P><P>第三，南传北传，于某些定义上确实有差别，但是，有分别就是错的么？不同就是错的么？与南传不符就是错的么？所谓正见，所谓八正道，不是看了些书，上了些论坛就可以的。</P><P>至于佛陀是不是无师自证，本来所传不一。我按照北传说法来说，呵呵，你按照南传去理解，无所谓。不过你不能依据南传就说北传错误，对不？</P><P>至于所谓“后期的误解”，不知道你自认为对“后期”有没有误解呢？</P><P>你总是急于抓起一个“正确的”，可是，你有没有足够的了解呢？也许你抓起的是正确的，也许你抓起的不过是无数个“正确的”中的一个，也许你抓起来的不过是你自以为正确的。所以，多闻，谨慎，别说满话，保持“我所知甚少”的心态，对你会有好处。只有佛陀是正遍知，你我都不是。</P>

菩提心小号

<P>说话要以经典为依据,南传还是北传的观点用传承的经典说话,而不是找某某代表,毕竟现在佛灭3000多年了</P><P>我是杂阿含拥护者,正法非法与否,符合八正道与否这些只是特指根据杂阿含的教导,也可以说是结集后部派传下的经典作为依据,经典又需要有证据证明其合理性属于佛说与否,当然这些是无法统一的,所以只说符合杂阿含与否,不再评价对的错的</P><P>在此地说这些是不合适的,可以私下讨论,不然就是以客欺主了</P>

俗人

<A href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/ShowPost.asp?id=1349">http://www.gelu.org/bbs/ShowPost.asp?id=1349</A>